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Our paper „Metallurgical infrastructure and technology criticality: the link between photovoltaics, sustainability, and the metals industry“ has been accepted and published by the journal Mineral Economics. In this paper we describe how digital twins of two photovoltaic (PV) module types were developed. System-wide resource efficiency, environmental impacts, and technoeconomic performance were assessed using exergy analysis, life cycle assessment, and cost models, respectively. High-detail simulation of complete life cycles allows for the system-wide effects of various production, recycling, and residue exchange scenarios to be evaluated to maximise overall sustainability and simplify the distribution of impacts in multiple-output production systems. The article can be retrieved in open access under the following link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13563-022-00313-7. Thanks to all co-authors, especially – of course – Neill Bartie.